Quitting Tobacco: Handling Irritability and Frustration ... Without Smoking

Filed under: , by: Cosme


What To Expect
  • When you quit smoking, you may feel edgy and short-tempered.
  • You may want to give up on tasks more quickly than usual.
  • You may be less tolerant of others’ behavior.
  • You may get into more arguments.

Did You Know?

  • Studies have found that most quitters report increased feelings of irritability, anger, and frustration within a week of quitting.
  • If feelings of irritability, anger, and frustration occur, they usually begin on the first day, peak during the first couple of weeks, and disappear within a month.

What To Do

  • Take a walk.
  • Exercise.
  • Reduce caffeine.
  • Soak in a hot bath.
  • Read up on relaxation/meditation techniques and use one.
  • Take one minute and, with your eyes closed, pay attention to your breathing pattern. Breathe in deeply through your nose and breathe out through your mouth.

Nicotine and Your Body and Mind

  • When your body does not get nicotine, you may feel irritable, angry, and frustrated.
  • Quitting will temporarily change your brain chemistry. These temporary changes may result in your experiencing negative emotions.

Related Notes

  • Feelings of anger, irritability, and frustration may be reduced by using nicotine replacement products, which deliver small, steady doses of nicotine into the body. Nicotine replacement patches, gum, lozenges, nasal spray, and inhaler appear to be equally effective. Buproprion pills (which don’t contain nicotine) also help relieve withdrawal symptoms.

How To Get Help

  • If you or someone you know wants help with giving up tobacco, please call the National Cancer Institute’s Smoking Quitline toll-free at 1–877–44U–QUIT (1–877–448–7848). The information specialists on the Quitline can provide suggestions and support to help smokers break the habit.
  • The Federal Government’s Smokefree.gov Web site (http://www.smokefree.gov) allows you to choose the help that best fits your needs. You can get immediate assistance:
    • View an online step-by-step cessation guide.
    • Find state quitline telephone numbers.
    • Instant message an expert through NCI’s LiveHelp service.
    • Download, print, or order publications about quitting smoking.
This fact sheet was adapted from material developed by the Tobacco Education and Prevention Program of the Arizona Department of Health Services and the Arizona Smokers’ Helpline of the University of Arizona.

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Quitting Tobacco: Handling Depression ... Without Smoking

Filed under: , by: Cosme

  • It is normal to feel sad for a period of time after you first quit smoking. Many people have a strong urge to smoke when they feel depressed.
  • If you give in to your craving for a cigarette, you may feel sad that you could not stick with your decision to quit.

Did You Know?

  • Having a history of depression is associated with more severe withdrawal
  • symptoms—including more severe depression. Some studies have found that many people with a history of major depression will have a new major depressive episode after quitting. However, in those with no history of depression, major depression after quitting is rare.
  • If mild depression occurs, it will usually begin within the first day, continue for the first couple of weeks, and go away within a month.

What To Do

  • Identify your specific feelings at the time that you seem depressed. Are you actually feeling tired, lonely, bored, or hungry? Focus on and address these specific needs.
  • Add up how much money you have saved already by not purchasing cigarettes and imagine (in detail) how you will spend your savings in 6 months.
  • Call a friend and plan to have lunch, or go to a movie, a concert, or another pleasurable event.
  • Make a list of things that are upsetting to you and write down solutions for them.
  • Keep positive about changes in life.
  • Increase physical activity. This will help to improve your mood and lift your depression.
  • Focus on your strengths.
  • Plan your next vacation or fun activity.
  • Breathe deeply.
  • Establish a list of your short- and long-term personal goals.
  • Think of how healthy you will be when all smoking effects are gone from your body and you can call yourself smoke-free.
  • If depression continues for more than 1 month, see your doctor.

Nicotine and Your Body and Mind

  • Nicotine is a highly addictive drug. It acts as both a stimulant and a depressant, depending upon your mood and the time of day. It controls your mood by regulating the level of activity of key parts of the brain and central nervous system that control your sense of well-being.

Related Notes

  • Everyone is different. The way that you will cope with the problems of quitting may be the opposite of what worked for your spouse, significant other, or best friend.
  • Ask your doctor about prescription medications that may help you with depression.
  • Learn about the signs of depression and where to go for help at the National Institute of Mental Health Web site (http://www.nimh.nih.gov).

How To Get Help

  • If you or someone you know wants help with giving up tobacco, please call the National Cancer Institute’s Smoking Quitline toll-free at 1–877–44U–QUIT (1–877–448–7848). The information specialists on the Quitline can provide suggestions and support to help smokers break the habit.
  • The Federal Government’s Smokefree.gov Web site (http://www.smokefree.gov) allows you to choose the help that best fits your needs. You can get immediate assistance:
    • View an online step-by-step cessation guide.
    • Find state quitline telephone numbers.
    • Instant message an expert through NCI’s LiveHelp service.
    • Download, print, or order publications about quitting smoking.
This fact sheet was adapted from material developed by the Tobacco Education and Prevention Program of the Arizona Department of Health Services and the Arizona Smokers’ Helpline of the University of Arizona.
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Quitting Tobacco: Facing the Morning ... Without Smoking

Filed under: , by: Cosme

What to expect

  • Expect that your morning coffee will not taste the same without a cigarette.

Did You Know?

  • For many smokers, lighting up is the first event of the day. Part of many people’s dependence on cigarettes evolves from a routine built mostly on making opportunities to smoke. The morning can set the tone for the rest of the day.

What To Do

  • Plan a different wake-up routine.
  • Take your attention off smoking right away.
  • Be sure no cigarettes are available.
  • Begin each day with deep breathing and one or more glasses of water.
  • Make a list of early morning triggers, and avoid them.
  • Begin each day with a preplanned activity that will keep you busy for an hour or more. It will keep your mind and body busy so that you don’t think about smoking.

Nicotine and Your Body and Mind

  • After 6 to 8 hours of sleep, your nicotine level drops and your body develops a need for a quick boost of nicotine when you wake up.
  • Your body has become dependent on nicotine. Your mind must be ready to overcome this physical need. Before you go to sleep, make a list of things you need to avoid in the morning that will make you want to smoke. Place this list where you used to place your cigarettes.

Related Notes

  • Once you pinpoint high-risk situations that trigger the urge to smoke, you can start to handle such situations rationally. Waking up in the morning and starting your normal routine provides plenty of triggers to tempt you to smoke. Nicotine cravings may be reduced by using nicotine replacement products, which deliver small, steady doses of nicotine into the body. Nicotine replacement patches, gum, lozenges, nasal spray, and inhaler appear to be equally effective. Buproprion pills (which don’t contain nicotine) also help relieve withdrawal symptoms.

How To Get Help

  • If you or someone you know wants help with giving up tobacco, please call the National Cancer Institute’s Smoking Quitline toll-free at 1–877–44U–QUIT (1–877–448–7848). The information specialists on the Quitline can provide suggestions and support to help smokers break the habit.
  • The Federal Government’s Smokefree.gov Web site (http://www.smokefree.gov) allows you to choose the help that best fits your needs. You can get immediate assistance:
    • View an online step-by-step cessation guide.
    • Find state quitline telephone numbers.
    • Instant message an expert through NCI’s LiveHelp service.
    • Download, print, or order publications about quitting smoking.
This fact sheet was adapted from material developed by the Tobacco Education and Prevention Program of the Arizona Department of Health Services and the Arizona Smokers’ Helpline of the University of Arizona.
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Quitting Tobacco: Facing Boredom ... Without Smoking

Filed under: , by: Cosme


What To Expect
  • You may take a break at work and find that you now have nothing to do.
  • You may feel very bored when waiting for something or someone (a bus, your spouse, your kids).

Did You Know?

  • Many smokers say they sometimes smoke to overcome boredom.

What To Do

  • Plan more activities than you have time for.
  • For those empty minutes, make a list of things you like to do.
  • Move! Do not stay in the same place too long.
  • Carry a book, magazine, or crossword puzzle for waiting times.
  • Notice what is going on around you. (Look at the shape of the buildings you pass, listen to the sounds outside around you.)
  • Carry something (like a cell phone) to keep your hands busy.
  • Listen to a favorite song.
  • Go outdoors, if you can, but not to places you associate with smoking.

Nicotine and Your Body and Mind

  • For smokers, boredom often brings the urge to smoke—this urge may have a physical and chemical basis.
  • When you quit smoking, you may miss the increased excitement and good feeling that nicotine gave you. This may be true when you are feeling bored.

Related Notes

  • You may be very bored when taking a break. You will need to replace a smoke break with something else. Nicotine cravings may be reduced by using nicotine replacement products, which deliver small, steady doses of nicotine into the body. Nicotine replacement patches, gum, lozenges, nasal spray, and inhaler appear to be equally effective. Buproprion pills (which don’t contain nicotine) also help relieve withdrawal symptoms.

How To Get Help

  • If you or someone you know wants help with giving up tobacco, please call the National Cancer Institute’s Smoking Quitline toll-free at 1–877–44U–QUIT (1–877–448–7848). The information specialists on the Quitline can provide suggestions and support to help smokers break the habit.
  • The Federal Government’s Smokefree.gov Web site (http://www.smokefree.gov) allows you to choose the help that best fits your needs. You can get immediate assistance:
    • View an online step-by-step cessation guide.
    • Find state quitline telephone numbers.
    • Instant message an expert through NCI’s LiveHelp service.
    • Download, print, or order publications about quitting smoking.
This fact sheet was adapted from material developed by the Tobacco Education and Prevention Program of the Arizona Department of Health Services and the Arizona Smokers’ Helpline of the University of Arizona.
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Quitting Tobacco: Driving or Riding in a Car ... Without Smoking

Filed under: , by: Cosme


What To Expect
  • Expect to want to reach for a cigarette when driving a car or traveling as a passenger.
  • On longer trips, you may find yourself getting more sleepy than usual.

Did You Know?

  • Like many smokers, you may like to light up when driving to and from work as a means to relieve stress, stay alert , relax, or just pass the time.
  • Your desire to smoke may be stronger and more frequent on longer trips.

What To Do

  • Remove the ashtray, lighter, and cigarettes from your car.
  • Turn your radio on or put on your favorite tape or CD and sing along.
  • Clean your car and make sure to use deodorizers to reduce the tobacco smell.
  • Tell yourself:
    • “This urge will go away in a few minutes.”
    • “So, I’m not enjoying this car ride. Big deal! It won’t last forever!”
    • “My car smells clean and fresh!”
    • “I’m a better driver now that I’m not smoking while driving.”
  • Ask friends and passengers not to smoke in your car.
  • If you’re not driving, find something to do with your hands.
  • Take an alternate route to work.
  • Try carpooling.
  • For a little while, avoid taking long car trips. If you do, take plenty of rest stops.
  • Keep non-fattening snacks in your car (sunflower seeds, licorice, and sugarless gum and hard candy).
  • Take fresh fruit with you on long trips.
  • Plan stops for water or fruit juice.

Nicotine and Your Body and Mind

  • You may have become used to smoking while driving—to relax in a traffic jam or to stay alert on a long drive.
  • There is some evidence that smoking actually does make you feel more awake and alert. In the past, you may have relied upon this during both short and long rides. Remember, on longer trips, you may not be able to stay awake for as long as you used to.

Related Notes

  • Nicotine cravings may be reduced by using nicotine replacement products, which deliver small, steady doses of nicotine into the body. Nicotine replacement patches, gum, lozenges, nasal spray, and inhaler appear to be equally effective. Buproprion pills (which don’t contain nicotine) also help relieve withdrawal symptoms.

How To Get Help

  • If you or someone you know wants help with giving up tobacco, please call the National Cancer Institute’s Smoking Quitline toll-free at 1–877–44U–QUIT (1–877–448–7848). The information specialists on the Quitline can provide suggestions and support to help smokers break the habit.
  • The Federal Government’s Smokefree.gov Web site (http://www.smokefree.gov) allows you to choose the help that best fits your needs. You can get immediate assistance:
    • View an online step-by-step cessation guide.
    • Find state quitline telephone numbers.
    • Instant message an expert through NCI’s LiveHelp service.
    • Download, print, or order publications about quitting smoking.
This fact sheet was adapted from material developed by the Tobacco Education and Prevention Program of the Arizona Department of Health Services and the Arizona Smokers’ Helpline of the University of Arizona.
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Quitting Tobacco: Being Around Other Smokers ... Without Smoking

Filed under: , by: Cosme

What To Expect
  • Some friends, especially those who are smokers themselves, may not be supportive of your efforts to cut down or quit. Also, they may not understand how much impact their behavior can have on your efforts to quit.
  • The changes you intend to make may disturb friends and family members who are smokers.
  • Friends may feel that your efforts to quit smoking will put a strain on your friendship. It will be tempting to join others for routine smoke breaks.

Did You Know?

  • You may find that you don’t want to smoke just because you see someone else smoking. Rather, your desire to smoke may be triggered by something special about the situation. For example, being around the people you usually smoked with could trigger the urge to smoke.

What To Do

  • Ask others to help you in your quit attempt. Give them specific examples of things that are helpful (such as not smoking around you) and things that are not helpful (like asking you to buy cigarettes for them).
  • Post a small “No Smoking” sign by your front door. Provide an outside area where smokers may go if they wish to smoke.
  • If you are in a group and others light up, excuse yourself, and don’t return until they have finished.
  • Do not buy, carry, light, or hold cigarettes for others.
  • Try not to get angry if family, friends, or coworkers hassle you about quitting.

Nicotine and Your Body and Mind

  • You may want to analyze situations in which watching others smoke triggers your urge to smoke. Figure out what it is about that situation that makes you want to smoke.
  • Many studies have reported that smoking may make you feel happier, more alert, and not as anxious. These good feelings may make you want to smoke. Also, you may associate these feelings with being around other smokers.
  • When you quit, you may feel saddened by the loss of these good feelings; being around smokers may make you feel even sadder. Try not to feel sad; think of what you’ve gained by quitting.

Related Notes

  • Once you pinpoint high-risk “trigger” situations, you can start to handle them rationally. Nicotine cravings may be reduced by using nicotine replacement products, which deliver small, steady dosesnasal spray, and inhaler appear to be equally effective. Buproprion pills (which don’t contain nicotine) also help relieve withdrawal symptoms. of nicotine into the body. Nicotine replacement patches, gum, lozenges,

How To Get Help

  • If you or someone you know wants help with giving up tobacco, please call the National Cancer Institute’s Smoking Quitline toll-free at 1–877–44U–QUIT (1–877–448–7848). The information specialists on the Quitline can provide suggestions and support to help smokers break the habit.
  • The Federal Government’s Smokefree.gov Web site (http://www.smokefree.gov) allows you to choose the help that best fits your needs. You can get immediate assistance:
    • View an online step-by-step cessation guide.
    • Find state quitline telephone numbers.
    • Instant message an expert through NCI’s LiveHelp service.
    • Download, print, or order publications about quitting smoking.
This fact sheet was adapted from material developed by the Tobacco Education and Prevention Program of the Arizona Departmenr of Health Services and the Arizona Smokers’ Helpline of the University of Arizona.
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Quitting Tobacco: Enjoying Meals ... Without Smoking

Filed under: , by: Cosme


What To Expect
  • Smoking urges may be stronger at different meal times—sometimes breakfast, sometimes lunch, or sometimes dinner.
  • Your smoking urges may be stronger with certain foods, such as spicy or sweet meals or snacks.
  • Expect to want to smoke after meals or with others at a restaurant.
  • Expect the urge to smoke when you smell cigarette smoke at a restaurant.
  • When you no longer smoke at the table after meals, you can expect that others will be pleased.

Did You Know?

  • Many smokers feel the need to smoke after meals at home, work, or a restaurant.
  • Your desire to smoke after meals may depend on whether you are alone, with other smokers, or with nonsmokers.

What To Do

  • Know what kinds of foods increase your urge to smoke and stay away from them.
  • If you are alone, call a friend or take a walk as soon as you’ve finished eating.
  • Brush your teeth or use mouthwash right after meals.
  • If possible, have someone massage your shoulders.
  • If you have coffee or a fruit drink, concentrate on the taste.
  • Wash the dishes by hand after eating—you can’t smoke with wet hands!

Nicotine and Your Body and Mind

  • Nicotine stops hunger pains in your stomach for as long as one hour, and it also makes your blood sugar level go up. When you quit, this is reversed.
  • Smoking and eating are both ways to meet certain needs (stimulation, relaxation, pampering, time out, comfort, or socialization), so when you quit smoking, you may eat more.
  • Withdrawal from nicotine enhances the taste of sweeter foods. Food often tastes better after you quit smoking, and you may have a bigger appetite.

Related Notes

  • Once you pinpoint high-risk situations that trigger the urge to smoke, you can begin to handle such situations. Eating and drinking are often very important triggers. Nicotine cravings may be reduced by using nicotine replacement products, which deliver small, steady doses of nicotine into the body. Nicotine replacement patches, gum, lozenges, nasal spray, and inhaler appear to be equally effective. Buproprion pills (which don’t contain nicotine) also help relieve withdrawal symptoms.
  • If you or someone you know wants help with giving up tobacco, please call the National Cancer Institute’s Smoking Quitline toll-free at 1–877–44U–QUIT (1–877–448–7848). The information specialists on the Quitline can provide suggestions and support to help smokers break the habit.
  • The Federal Government’s Smokefree.gov Web site (http://www.smokefree.gov) allows you to choose the help that best fits your needs. You can get immediate assistance:
    • View an online step-by-step cessation guide.
    • Find state quitline telephone numbers.
    • Instant message an expert through NCI’s LiveHelp service.
    • Download, print, or order publications about quitting smoking.
This fact sheet was adapted from material developed by the Tobacco Education and Prevention Program of the Arizona Department of Health Services and the Arizona Smokers’ Helpline of the University of Arizona.
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How Do I Avoid Drinking Too Much Alcohol?

Filed under: , by: Cosme


If you are trying to prevent yourself from drinking too much alcohol at social gatherings or even in your daily life, there are certain things you should know about how to live a life that is balanced and alcohol-free. Here are a few ways that you can keep your alcohol intake under control.

One of the best things you can do to monitor your drinking is to plan your social life carefully. If you want to stay away from alcohol, try to make sure that you are not always in tempting settings where alcohol is served. If you usually go to lounges and parties where there is a bartender or cocktails, try going to the movies or pack a picnic instead. Not only will this give you and your friends something different to do when you go out, but you can be sure that you won’t have to deal with the pressure of drinking if you feel it may get out of control. In addition, the people that you are hanging out with won’t be drinking either, which takes the pressure off tremendously.

You should also make sure that you understand the connection between your drinking and your daily habits. If you normally drink when you are upset or stressed, pay attention to the things that make you upset and try to either eliminate them, or deal with them in a different way. For instance, if you are experiencing stress at work, and usually drink after work, try something else that relieves stress, such as taking a walk after dinner or listening to your favorite music. You can also take advantage of meditation to clear your head and calm yourself down. This may feel strange to you at first but after a while, you will become accustomed to using alternative methods to make yourself feel better. It is also best to substitute drinking with positive activities as soon as possible. Even if you feel that you are just a social drinker and only drink when you are out with friends, you should use things like physical activity, your favorite television show, or spending time with loved ones to replace your tendency to drink.

Asking your doctor for advice is also a great way to get help if you think that your drinking is getting out of control. Your physician can refer you to counselors and therapists that can help you control your drinking before it becomes a serious problem that can ruin relationships with family and friends and eventually destroy your life. It may be a good idea for you to visit an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting or two in your area, so that you can talk about your feelings in an environment where you won’t be judged. You will be pleasantly surprised by the insight you will find by listening to others who may have been in your shoes at one point. You will also be able to make an honest observation about whether or not you need to get more help.

No matter which methods you choose to get your drinking under control, it is important to be honest with yourself about how serious your problem is and to ask friends and loved ones for support while you’re making sure that alcohol does not take over your life.

David Richards is a publisher of articles on alcoholism. You can go to treating alcoholism for more.

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How To Avoid Drinking Too Much Alcohol

Filed under: , , by: Cosme


If you are trying to prevent yourself from drinking too much alcohol at social gatherings or even in your daily life, there are certain things you should know about how to live a life that is balanced and alcohol-free. Here are a few ways that you can keep your alcohol intake under control.

One of the best things you can do to monitor your drinking is to plan your social life carefully. If you want to stay away from alcohol, try to make sure that you are not always in tempting settings where alcohol is served. If you usually go to lounges and parties where there is a bartender or cocktails, try going to the movies or pack a picnic instead. Not only will this give you and your friends something different to do when you go out, but you can be sure that you won’t have to deal with the pressure of drinking if you feel it may get out of control. In addition, the people that you are hanging out with won’t be drinking either, which takes the pressure off tremendously.

You should also make sure that you understand the connection between your drinking and your daily habits. If you normally drink when you are upset or stressed, pay attention to the things that make you upset and try to either eliminate them, or deal with them in a different way. For instance, if you are experiencing stress at work, and usually drink after work, try something else that relieves stress, such as taking a walk after dinner or listening to your favorite music. You can also take advantage of meditation to clear your head and calm yourself down. This may feel strange to you at first but after a while, you will become accustomed to using alternative methods to make yourself feel better. It is also best to substitute drinking with positive activities as soon as possible. Even if you feel that you are just a social drinker and only drink when you are out with friends, you should use things like physical activity, your favorite television show, or spending time with loved ones to replace your tendency to drink.

Asking your doctor for advice is also a great way to get help if you think that your drinking is getting out of control. Your physician can refer you to counselors and therapists that can help you control your drinking before it becomes a serious problem that can ruin relationships with family and friends and eventually destroy your life. It may be a good idea for you to visit an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting or two in your area, so that you can talk about your feelings in an environment where you won’t be judged. You will be pleasantly surprised by the insight you will find by listening to others who may have been in your shoes at one point. You will also be able to make an honest observation about whether or not you need to get more help.

No matter which methods you choose to get your drinking under control, it is important to be honest with yourself about how serious your problem is and to ask friends and loved ones for support while you’re making sure that alcohol does not take over your life.

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Penile Cancer

Filed under: , by: Cosme


Cancer of the penis or penile cancer is a rare disease in which cancer cells or malignant cells are found on the external skin and in the tissues of the penis. It is generally an aggressive form of cancer that has a tendency to spread.

Penile cancer is relatively rare in Western countries; In some South Asian countries, Africa and South America, however it ranks first among malignancies. Although this type of cancer is rare, it is estimated that more than 75% of people older that 60 years are affected by penile cancer. It usually responds well to treatment, and many patients can be cured.

The penis is the external male organ that contains many types of tissue, like skin, nerves, and blood vessels. Penile cancer evolves from a disruption in one or more genes in a cell's DNA. Genes control cell activities including division and growth. When cells die, they are replaced by new cells as the body needs them. However, when the genes that orchestrate this natural replacement process are disrupted by chemicals, illness, or other unknown factors, control over cell division and growth is lost. The resultant uncontrolled mass of tissue is a tumor. The tumor spreads gradually becoming larger in the area of the skin where it first develops. Ultimately, it spreads to deep tissues inside the body of the penis and to lymph nodes in the groin (inguinal area) or pelvis. Different types of penile cancer can develop in each kind of cell.

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Colorectal Cancer

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Colorectal cancer is the cancer in the large intestine and rectum. It occurs when some of the cells that line the colon or the rectum become abnormal and grow out of control. The abnormal growing cells create a tumor, which is the cancer. Cancer that begins in the colon is called colon cancer and in the rectum is called rectal cancer. It is common in both men and women .The risk of developing colorectal cancer rises after age 50.

The colon, the longest part of the large intestine or large bowel, is a long muscular tube shaped organ connecting the small intestine to the rectum. It extends from the end of the small bowel to the anus, twisting and turning through the abdomen (belly). It is divided into four sections namely, the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. The colon removes water and some nutrients and electrolytes from partially digested food. The remaining material, solid waste called stool, moves through the colon to the rectum and leaves the body through the anus. The rectum is lower part of the colon that connects the large bowel to the anus. The rectum’s primary function is to store formed stool in preparation for evacuation.

Colon along with the rectum is called the large intestine.Cancers affecting either of these organs also may be called colorectal cancer. Most colorectal cancers arise in the sigmoid colon which is the portion just above the rectum. They usually start in the innermost layer and can grow through some or all of the several tissue layers that make up the colon and rectum. Most colorectal cancers grow slowly over a period of several years, often beginning as small benign growths called polyps. Removing these polyps early, before they become malignant, is an effective means of preventing colorectal cancer.


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Prostate Cancer

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Prostate cancer is an abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells that results in the formation of a tumor in the prostate gland. Prostate, the walnut sized gland, is a part of the reproductive system which lies deep in the pelvis. It is located in front of the rectum and underneath the urinary bladder and surrounds the urethra, (the urine tube running from the bladder, through the prostate and the penis). It contains gland cells that produce some of the seminal fluid, which protects and nourishes sperm cells in semen and supports the ejaculatory ducts, or sperm tubes. The prostate continues to grow till a man reaches adulthood and is maintained after it reaches normal size as long as male hormones are produced.

Prostate cancer begins most often in the outer part of the prostate. It is the most common cancer in men older than age 50. In most men, the cancer grows very slowly. In fact, many men with the disease will never know they have the condition. Early prostate cancer is confined to the prostate gland itself, and the majority of patients with this type of cancer can live for years with no problems. In some cases, it may spread from the prostate to nearby lymph nodes, bones or other organs. This spread is called metastasis. Most Prostate cancers originate in the posterior prostate gland, the rest originate near the urethra.

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Information about Baby's Diet

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There are so many questions that arise in a mother's mind regarding her baby. One of the most confusing ones would be regarding feeding. How can you tell whether your baby is hungry and needs feeding or is crying for some other reason? When do you stop feeding? How many times in a day do you need to feed? Is breastfeeding better than formula milk?

Well, don't worry! No mother is an expert and no one expects you to be one. Each baby is unique and has different needs when it comes to their feed and the quantity they require to satisfy their hunger pangs. A mother, after some experience will learn to sense her baby's needs and act on them. Meanwhile, here is some information to get you going.

Breastfeeding is considered the best for a new born baby as the mothers' milk has antibodies which protect the baby and gives them increased resistance and immunity against colds and allergies in the later days to come. It has been observed that children who are breast-fed are stronger, healthier and more intelligent than ones who have not received any. Breast milk has all the essential nutrients required for a baby and should be given for at least six months. While breastfeeding, a mother should be careful about her diet as it affects the baby directly. If for some reason, a mother is unable to breast feed, then formula milk can be given.

Always feed your baby on demand and not on a schedule that has been laid out by anyone. On an average, a baby requires up to eight feeds in a day. But there is no need to worry if your baby is taking less or more than this amount. If your baby is gaining weight proportionately, it means that the food requirements are being met. You need to sense when your baby is full by recognizing when they pull away. Likewise when they are hungry, they will definitely show some signs of discomfort which given time, you will learn to associate with hunger. If you are bottle-feeding your baby, ensure that the bottles are always sterilized so as to avoid any kind of infection. The milk should also be warm and not hot. It is essential to burp the baby after every feed and it is normal for them to bring out some of the milk after feeding is over.

The process of starting babies on solid food is called as weaning. After four to six months, babies can be given carbohydrates like mashed bananas to start with. When the baby completes ten months, they can be given other fruits, vegetables and meats as well. It is good to introduce food items one at a time so as to notice any reactions or allergies to the same. If any reaction occurs, it is advisable to contact your doctor immediately as it should not be ignored.

Feeding is the time when mothers can bond best with their babies. It is a highly satisfying experience and should be cherished. So enjoy this time together and don't think of it as a hassle.

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Quitting Tobacco: Handling Anxiety … Without Smoking

Filed under: , by: Cosme

What to expect
  • You may feel quite tense and agitated within 24 hours of quitting.
  • You may feel a tightness in your muscles—especially around the neck and shoulders.
  • These feelings will pass with time.

Did You Know?

  • Recent studies have found that most quitters report feelings of increased anxiety within a week of quitting.
  • If anxiety occurs, it will usually begin within the first day, peak in the first couple of weeks, and disappear within a month.

What To Do

  • Take a walk.
  • Take a hot bath.
  • Try a massage.
  • Try to take a few minutes out of your day to meditate, or do stretching exercises.
  • Set aside some quiet time every morning and evening—a time when you can be alone in a quiet environment.

Nicotine and Your Mind and Body

  • Anxiety is usually measured as an increase in muscle tension as well as an increased sensitivity to muscle tension. Laboratory research shows that the anxiety produced from quitting tobacco may be due to temporary changes in your brain chemistry. There is some evidence that tobacco use reduces anxiety, so some of the anxiety you feel when you quit is actually what nonsmokers normally experience.
  • Most of the anxiety you feel immediately after you quit is due to temporary changes.

Related Notes

  • Nicotine replacement products deliver small, steady doses of nicotine into the body, and the nicotine helps to relieve the withdrawal symptoms often felt by people trying to quit smoking. Nicotine replacement patches, gum, lozenges, nasal spray, and inhaler appear to be equally effective. Buproprion pills (which don’t contain nicotine) also help relieve withdrawal symptoms.

How To Get Help

  • If you or someone you know wants help with giving up tobacco, please call the National Cancer Institute’s Smoking Quitline toll-free at 1–877–44U–QUIT (1–877–448–7848). The information specialists on the Quitline can provide suggestions and support to help smokers break the habit.
  • The Federal Government’s Smokefree.gov Web site (http://www.smokefree.gov) allows you to choose the help that best fits your needs. You can get immediate assistance:
    • View an online step-by-step cessation guide.
    • Find state quitline telephone numbers.
    • Instant message an expert through NCI’s LiveHelp service.
    • Download, print, or order publications about quitting smoking.
This fact sheet was adapted from material developed by the Tobacco Education and Prevention Program of the Arizona Department of Health Services and the Arizona Smokers’ Helpline of the University of Arizona.
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